@toby-pereira See the "effective power" more as something over time. So for the random ballot, with a guaranteed 51% of the vote you'd be in power 51% of the time, but with a guaranteed 51% of the vote in a majoritarian system, you'd be in power 100% of the time. I'd gestured at this by saying "if you have 51% of the vote you are in power 100% of the time", but I'll make this all a bit clearer if I use this graph again in the future.

@mkeypaige A lot of those topics have Wikipedia or Electowiki pages, which describe them quite well, and there are also YouTube videos which discuss a lot of them. Some of the later stuff I wouldn't even know what they are. But I'll give you some links.

Ranked voting - Wikipedia

Plurality system (also known as First Past the Post) - Wikipedia, CGP Grey video

Ranked Choice Voting (also known as Instant Runoff Voting, Alternative Vote among others): Wikipedia, CGP Grey video

Condorcet methods: Wikipedia, Carneades.org video

Borda Count: Wikipedia, Carneades.org video

Majority criterion: Wikipedia, Becky Moening video

Unanimity criterion: Wikipedia article on Pareto Efficiency, Eric Pacuit video

Condorcet winner criterion: Wikipedia, Carneades.org video

Monotonicity criterion: Electowiki article, Becky Moening video

IIA (Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives) criterion: Wikipedia, Carneades.org video

Manipulability: Wikipedia article on strategic voting, Katherine Heller video

Random dictator: Wikipedia article, Carneades.org video

Approval voting: Wikipedia, CGP Grey video

That's the first section covered. Let me know if this is useful at all and I can get some links for the others.